- 1. In what year did Félix Marie Charles Texier discover monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) 1861
B) 1834
C) 1833
D) 1858
- 2. Which French archaeologist discovered monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) Félix Marie Charles Texier
B) Ernest Chantre
C) Hugo Winckler
D) Georges Perrot
- 3. Which German geographer visited the Boğazköy site in 1858?
A) Kurt Bittel
B) Heinrich Barth
C) Carl Humann
D) Waldemar Belck
- 4. Who excavated at the site and at the nearby site of Yazılıkaya in 1861?
A) Georges Perrot
B) Félix Marie Charles Texier
C) Otto Puchstein
D) Hugo Winckler
- 5. Which German engineer completed a full plan of the site in 1882?
A) Ludwig Curtius
B) Daniel Krencker
C) Heinrich Kohl
D) Carl Humann
- 6. Why were Ernest Chantre's excavations in 1893–94 cut short?
A) A cholera outbreak
B) Lack of funding
C) The outbreak of WWII
D) The outbreak of WWI
- 7. What significant finds did Ernest Chantre discover in 1893–94?
A) A large metal tablet with chains
B) A Mycenae bronze sword
C) Thousands of sealed bullae
D) Fragments of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform
- 8. Who visited the site several times between 1901 and 1905 and found a number of tablets?
A) Félix Marie Charles Texier
B) Carl Humann
C) Waldemar Belck
D) Heinrich Barth
- 9. On behalf of which society did Hugo Winckler conduct soundings at Boğazköy in 1905?
A) German Archaeological Institute
B) French Archaeological Mission
C) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
D) German Oriental Society
- 10. At which specific site area did Hugo Winckler find 35 cuneiform tablet fragments in 1905?
A) Westbau
B) Sphinx Gate
C) Büyükkale
D) Büyükkaya
- 11. In what year did Hugo Winckler begin actual excavations focusing mainly on the royal fortress area?
A) 1905
B) 1906
C) 1901
D) 1907
- 12. What event stopped the excavations involving Hugo Winckler and Theodore Makridi?
A) Outbreak of WWII
B) Outbreak of WWI
C) A cholera outbreak
D) Discovery of the Sphinx Gate
- 13. What are the abbreviations of the two series in which tablets from Winckler's excavations were published?
A) KBO and KUB
B) BOG and HAT
C) KBZ and KUA
D) TUR and CUN
- 14. Who resumed work at the site in 1931 with establishing stratigraphy as the major focus?
A) Peter Neve
B) Jürgen Seeher
C) Kurt Bittel
D) Andreas Schachner
- 15. What event caused the suspension of excavations in 1939 under Kurt Bittel?
A) Political revolution in Turkey
B) Outbreak of WWI
C) Outbreak of WWII
D) A cholera outbreak
- 16. When did Peter Neve become field director of the excavations?
A) 1963
B) 1978
C) 1993
D) 1952
- 17. When did Peter Neve become overall director of the excavations?
A) 1978
B) 1993
C) 1963
D) 1986
- 18. What was the main focus area of the excavations under Peter Neve?
A) Upper City area
B) Royal fortress area
C) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
D) Sphinx Gate
- 19. Who assumed control of the excavation in 1994?
A) Peter Neve
B) Kurt Bittel
C) Andreas Schachner
D) Jürgen Seeher
- 20. What was the focus of the excavations under Jürgen Seeher from 1994 to 2005?
A) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
B) Royal fortress area
C) Yazılıkaya sanctuary
D) Upper City area
- 21. Who became the new director of archaeology at Hattusa from 2006 on?
A) Jürgen Seeher
B) Andreas Schachner
C) Kurt Bittel
D) Peter Neve
- 22. What has been the primary focus of activities at Hattusa since 2006?
A) Restoration and preparation for tourist operations
B) Excavating the royal fortress
C) Discovering new cuneiform tablets
D) Establishing new stratigraphy
- 23. In what year was the large inscribed metal tablet discovered near the Sphinx Gate?
A) 1986
B) 1834
C) 1991
D) 1994
- 24. How far west of the Sphinx Gate was the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 3400 meters
B) 1833 meters
C) 35 meters
D) 35 centimeters
- 25. What are the dimensions and weight of the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 50 × 40 cm, 10 kg
B) 35 × 24 cm, 15 kg
C) 35 × 24 cm, 5 kg
D) 20 × 15 cm, 2 kg
- 26. Which king was a party to the treaty inscribed on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) Kurunta
B) Hugo Winckler
C) Tudḫaliya IV
D) Duthaliya the Great King
- 27. Who was Kurunta, the co-signer of the treaty on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) King of Assuwa-Country
B) King of Tarḫuntašša
C) King of Hattusa
D) Storm-God
- 28. Where is the 1986 metal tablet currently held?
A) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara
B) Louvre Museum
C) German Archaeological Institute
D) Boğazköy local museum
- 29. When was the Mycenae bronze sword found on the western slope during repair work?
A) 1986
B) 2006
C) 1991
D) 1994
- 30. In which language was the Mycenae bronze sword inscribed?
A) Hittite
B) French
C) Assyrian
D) Akkadian
- 31. According to the sword's inscription, to whom did Duthaliya the Great King dedicate the swords?
A) The Storm-God
B) Félix Marie Charles Texier
C) Heinrich Barth
D) Kurunta
- 32. Which country was defeated by Duthaliya the Great King according to the bronze sword inscription?
A) Boğazköy
B) Assuwa-Country
C) Ankara
D) Tarḫuntašša
- 33. What significant find was made in the 'Westbau' building during the 1990-91 excavation season?
A) Thousands of unreadable Hittite tablets
B) A Mycenae bronze sword
C) 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps
D) A large metal tablet with chains
- 34. To what century do the sealed bullae and clay lumps found in the 'Westbau' building date?
A) 19th century AD
B) 2nd half of the 13th century BC
C) 1st millennium BC
D) 1st half of the 14th century BC
- 35. What were the 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps primarily associated with?
A) Military campaigns
B) Royal treaties
C) Religious rituals
D) Land documents
- 36. During which historical period was Hattusa the capital?
A) Chalcolithic period
B) 12th century AD
C) 19th century BC
D) Late Bronze Age
- 37. Near which modern settlement are the ruins of Hattusa located?
A) Kültepe, Turkey
B) Sapinuwa, Turkey
C) Boğazkale, Turkey
D) Tarhuntassa, Turkey
- 38. Which river forms a great loop near the ruins of Hattusa?
A) Marashantiya River
B) Halys River
C) Kızılırmak River
D) Euphrates River
- 39. What people established a settlement on the site toward the end of the 3rd millennium BC?
A) Kaskians
B) Assyrians
C) Hittites
D) Hattian people
- 40. What did merchants from Assyria establish in the lower city of Hattusa in the 19th and 18th centuries BC?
A) A massive wall
B) A cremation cemetery
C) A trading post
D) A royal palace
- 41. Where was the center of the Assyrian merchants who traded at Hattusa?
A) Sapinuwa
B) Tarhuntassa
C) Kanesh
D) Kussara
- 42. Which Hittite king moved the capital from Neša to Hattusa around 1650 BC?
A) Tudhaliya I
B) Anitta
C) Labarna
D) Suppiluliuma I
- 43. What name did Labarna take after moving the capital to Hattusa?
A) Muwatalli
B) Anittas
C) Hattusili
D) Mursili
- 44. To which city did the Hittites temporarily move the capital north under King Tudhaliya I due to Kaskian attacks?
A) Sapinuwa
B) Kanesh
C) Kussara
D) Tarhuntassa
- 45. To which southern city did Muwatalli II move the capital?
A) Büyükkale
B) Sapinuwa
C) Neša
D) Tarhuntassa
- 46. Who was assigned as governor over Hattusa by Muwatalli II?
A) Hattusili III
B) Tudhaliya I
C) Mursili III
D) Suppiluliuma I
- 47. Which Hittite ruler returned the seat of government to Hattusa in the mid-13th century BC?
A) Mursili III
B) Labarna
C) Anitta
D) Muwatalli II
- 48. What was the total peak area covered by the city of Hattusa?
A) 0.8 km2
B) 1.0 km2
C) 1.8 km2
D) 6.0 km2
- 49. During whose reign were the massive walls of Hattusa erected?
A) Labarna
B) Anitta
C) Suppiluliuma I
D) Mursili III
- 50. What was the area of the inner city of Hattusa?
A) 3.0 km2
B) 1.0 km2
C) 0.8 km2
D) 1.8 km2
- 51. How many temples were located in the outer city?
A) Four
B) Five
C) Three
D) Two
- 52. What type of burials are mostly found in the cemeteries outside the walls of Hattusa?
A) Shaft burials
B) Catacomb burials
C) Mummified burials
D) Cremation burials
- 53. What was the modern estimated population of Hattusa at its peak?
A) 1,000
B) 10,000
C) 100,000
D) 50,000
- 54. What environmental factor has been suggested as occurring at the time of the city's disintegration?
A) A prolonged ice age
B) A volcanic eruption
C) A regional drought
D) A massive flood
- 55. Which Egyptian leader was involved in the peace settlement with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh?
A) Ramesses II
B) Akhenaten
C) Tutankhamun
D) Ramsesses I
- 56. At which Anatolian center is Maşat Höyük located?
A) Bogazköy
B) Sapinuwa
C) Hattusa
D) Tabigga
- 57. Where were the pair of sphinxes originally found in Hattusa?
A) At the northern gate
B) At the southern gate
C) At the karum
D) In the royal archives
- 58. When were the sphinxes taken to Germany for restoration?
A) 1924
B) 1934
C) 1917
D) 2011
- 59. When was the better-preserved sphinx returned to Turkey?
A) 1934
B) 1917
C) 2011
D) 1924
- 60. When was the sphinx from the Pergamon Museum moved to the Boğazköy Museum?
A) 1917
B) 1924
C) 2011
D) 1934
- 61. Where is the Boğazköy Museum located?
A) Inside the Pergamon Museum
B) In Istanbul
C) Next to the United Nations
D) Outside the Hattusa ruins
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