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Adivasi - тест
Поширений: Haynes
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Import and export trade services
B) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
C) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
D) Tourism and hospitality management
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Salt and iron
B) Gold and precious stones
C) Advanced agricultural machinery
D) Electronic goods and technology
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Tribes were forced into urban migration
B) Migrants received free land for cultivation
C) The government granted all land back to the tribes
D) Land was turned into protected national parks
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As land belonging exclusively to the state
B) As a common resource for whoever needed it
C) As a strictly inherited private asset
D) As a commodity to be sold for profit
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They were prohibited from farming their own land
B) The government seized all land by force
C) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
D) They moved away to find better jobs
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Marriage alliances
B) Land leases
C) Educational scholarships
D) Government employment quotas
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Government-mandated restoration of land
B) Intense land pressure
C) A surge in tribal land ownership
D) Decreased interest in tribal territories
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Debt, bribery, or leases
B) Loss through environmental disasters
C) Exchange for modern technology
D) Voluntary donation to the state
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Convert to tribal religions
B) Marry into tribal families
C) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
D) Lobby to be classified as tribal
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It is highly efficient and swift
B) It restores land directly to tribal elders
C) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
D) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) State-run universities
B) Government administrative centers
C) Large-scale industrial factories
D) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Cotton or castor-oil plants
B) Wheat and rice
C) Oranges and bananas
D) Tea and coffee
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Government intervention to pay off all debts
B) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
C) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
D) Full cancellation of tribal debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Extreme poverty in the region
B) Historically distinct political status and isolation
C) Lack of natural resources
D) Severe climate conditions
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
B) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
C) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
D) A ban on all agricultural activities
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To preserve ancient tribal languages
B) To promote tourism in the region
C) Due to international humanitarian pressure
D) As a strategy to secure the border with China
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Tatya Tope
B) Ramji Gond
C) Birsa Munda
D) Rani of Jhansi
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Halba rebellion
B) Kol rebellion
C) Santhal rebellion
D) Bhumij rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Ten
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) More than 700
B) Exactly 500
C) Over 2000
D) Less than 100
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Exactly 50
B) More than 100
C) Less than 20
D) Exactly 500
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Tatya Tope
B) Birsa Munda
C) Laxman Naik
D) Ramji Gond
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Slavic
B) Semitic
C) Austro-Asiatic
D) Romance
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1910
B) 1817
C) 1856–57
D) 1776
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Rabindranath Tagore
C) Temsula Ao
D) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Khurda
B) Visakhapatnam district
C) Banswara
D) Adilabad
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Adilabad
B) Bengal
C) Banswara
D) Odisha
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Maria rebellion
B) Kol rebellion
C) Koli revolt
D) Bhumkal
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Jantya Bhil
B) Bangaru Devi
C) Laxman Naik
D) Ramji Gond
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Greek
B) Sino-Tibetan
C) Latin
D) Arabic
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Bada Meena
B) Valmiki
C) Bharmal
D) A Gond Raja
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 8.6%
B) 1.1%
C) 26.2%
D) 90%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Ethnic minority
B) Animist groups
C) Scheduled Tribes
D) Nomadic tribes
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Indo-Aryan
B) Munda
C) Tibeto-Burman
D) Dravidian
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Bhils
B) Santals
C) Hos
D) Gonds
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Indo-Aryan
B) Sarnaist
C) Tibeto-Burman
D) Dravidian
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Sarnaism
B) Christianity
C) Buddhism
D) Hinduism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Christianity
B) Buddhism
C) Hinduism
D) Animism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Rice farming
B) Mining
C) Nomadic herding
D) Tea workers
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) More than 90%
B) Around 20%
C) Roughly 75%
D) Around 10%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Khasi
B) Boyas/Valmikis
C) Gonds
D) Santals
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Tripuri
B) Chakma
C) Marma
D) Khasi
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Ancient ruler
B) Beginning inhabitant
C) Mountain people
D) Forest dweller
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Dravidian
B) Vanavāsi
C) Dalit
D) Janjati
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Nepal
B) Pakistan
C) Bangladesh
D) Sri Lanka
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Ambedkar
B) Thakkar Bapa
C) Jaipal Singh Munda
D) Gandhi
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 107
B) Article 342
C) Article 169
D) Article 366 (25)
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Tea-tribes
B) Dravidians
C) Vedda
D) Indo-Aryans
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) ILO Convention 107
B) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
C) ILO Convention 169
D) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) Jharkhand
B) Kerala
C) West Bengal
D) North East India
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Austroasiatic
B) Arabic
C) Greek
D) Latin
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) Foreign investors only
B) British military generals
C) Adivasi elders
D) Zamindars
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1789
B) 1857
C) 1947
D) 1832
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) The Great Kol Uprising
B) Santal hul
C) Munda independence war
D) Bhumij rebellion
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Internal migrations within India
B) Permanent migration to Europe
C) Return migration to their ancestral lands
D) Mass migration to the Americas
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The local tribal rajas
B) The British government
C) The East India Company
D) The Indian National Congress
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Enthusiastically
B) Negatively
C) Indifferently
D) Positively
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Forest tribe
B) Primitive tribe
C) Hill and forest tribe
D) Tribal animist
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Forest tribe
B) Primitive tribe
C) Animist
D) Tribes
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Odisha
C) Jharkhand
D) Lakshadweep
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Persian
B) Sanskrit
C) Latin
D) Greek
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Worship of Indo-European deities
B) Reincarnation of the soul
C) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
D) Monistic Vedic worship
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1931
B) 1911
C) 1921
D) 1941
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A word used by indigenous people
B) An anthropological construct
C) A synonym for Hinduism
D) A formal name for a religion
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) Post-independence
B) 14th century
C) 19th century
D) British period
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Holy woods
B) Sun-Moon
C) Sacred grove
D) Spirit worship
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Nicobar Islands
B) Arunachal Pradesh
C) Nilgiri hills
D) Central-East India
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Digital archives
B) Written scriptures
C) Oral traditions
D) Formal schooling
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sun deity
B) Witch doctor
C) Holy animal
D) Sacred grove
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Arunachal Pradesh
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Central-East India
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Rose
B) Cactus
C) Sunflower
D) Tulsi
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Cobra
B) Lion
C) Eagle
D) Tiger
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Pine
B) Neem
C) Maple
D) Oak
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Nomadic traders
B) Urban dwellers
C) Sedentary farmers
D) Hunter gatherer
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Brahma Dharma
B) Shaivism
C) Vedic Ritualism
D) The Kallar Reform Movement
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
B) Sant Kalu Dev
C) Sant Kubera
D) Maharshi Matanga
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Half-eaten ber fruit
B) Water from a stream
C) Dried lotus flowers
D) Swine flesh
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Nishadha
B) Bodo
C) Kallar
D) Santal
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Kubera
B) Sant Dhira
C) Maharshi Matanga
D) Guru Brahma
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Indraprastha Temple
B) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
C) Brahma Dharma Temple
D) Lingaraja Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Kallar (robber)
B) Temple priest
C) Fisherman
D) Hunter
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 20,000
B) 5,000
C) 10,000
D) 100,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Kubera
C) Sant Dhudhalinath
D) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Less civilised
B) More civilised
C) Technologically superior
D) Equally civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Matrimonial relations
C) Constant warfare
D) Commercial trade agreements
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 51
B) 3
C) 632
D) 14
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 1000
B) 750
C) 500
D) 632
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 8.5%
B) 40%
C) 29.6%
D) 59%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Kohima, Nagaland
B) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
C) Asansol, West Bengal
D) Tejgadh, Gujarat
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1999
B) 2011
C) 1991
D) 1961
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Mizos
B) Khasis
C) Gonds
D) Nagas
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Non-existent
B) Moderate
C) Very high
D) Very low
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 40.6%
B) 37%
C) 13.8%
D) 59%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
B) Salwa Judum
C) Forest Protection Drive
D) Green Revolution
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By negotiating with tribal elders
B) By signing government contracts
C) By bribing local officials
D) By filing land ownership petitions
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Missionaries
B) Government bureaucrats
C) Local merchant guilds
D) Foreign corporations
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) English
B) Hindi
C) Sanskrit
D) Assamese
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Indira Gandhi
B) Manmohan Singh
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Red Corridor
B) The Western Ghats
C) The Thar Desert
D) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Meiteis
B) Bodo
C) Gujjar
D) Meena
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