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Adivasi - 测验
供稿人: Haynes
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Import and export trade services
B) Tourism and hospitality management
C) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
D) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Electronic goods and technology
B) Gold and precious stones
C) Advanced agricultural machinery
D) Salt and iron
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Migrants received free land for cultivation
B) Tribes were forced into urban migration
C) The government granted all land back to the tribes
D) Land was turned into protected national parks
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a commodity to be sold for profit
B) As a strictly inherited private asset
C) As land belonging exclusively to the state
D) As a common resource for whoever needed it
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They were prohibited from farming their own land
B) The government seized all land by force
C) They moved away to find better jobs
D) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Educational scholarships
B) Marriage alliances
C) Government employment quotas
D) Land leases
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Government-mandated restoration of land
B) Decreased interest in tribal territories
C) A surge in tribal land ownership
D) Intense land pressure
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Exchange for modern technology
B) Debt, bribery, or leases
C) Voluntary donation to the state
D) Loss through environmental disasters
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Lobby to be classified as tribal
B) Marry into tribal families
C) Convert to tribal religions
D) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It is highly efficient and swift
B) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
C) It restores land directly to tribal elders
D) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
B) Government administrative centers
C) State-run universities
D) Large-scale industrial factories
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Oranges and bananas
B) Wheat and rice
C) Tea and coffee
D) Cotton or castor-oil plants
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
B) Full cancellation of tribal debts
C) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
D) Government intervention to pay off all debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Severe climate conditions
B) Historically distinct political status and isolation
C) Lack of natural resources
D) Extreme poverty in the region
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
B) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
C) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
D) A ban on all agricultural activities
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To preserve ancient tribal languages
B) Due to international humanitarian pressure
C) To promote tourism in the region
D) As a strategy to secure the border with China
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Rani of Jhansi
B) Tatya Tope
C) Birsa Munda
D) Ramji Gond
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Halba rebellion
B) Santhal rebellion
C) Bhumij rebellion
D) Kol rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Five
B) Three
C) Seven
D) Ten
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Exactly 500
B) Less than 100
C) Over 2000
D) More than 700
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Exactly 500
B) Less than 20
C) Exactly 50
D) More than 100
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Birsa Munda
C) Tatya Tope
D) Ramji Gond
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Semitic
B) Slavic
C) Austro-Asiatic
D) Romance
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1817
B) 1910
C) 1776
D) 1856–57
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Temsula Ao
B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Visakhapatnam district
B) Banswara
C) Khurda
D) Adilabad
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Bengal
B) Banswara
C) Adilabad
D) Odisha
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Koli revolt
C) Maria rebellion
D) Bhumkal
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Jantya Bhil
B) Ramji Gond
C) Bangaru Devi
D) Laxman Naik
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Greek
B) Arabic
C) Sino-Tibetan
D) Latin
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Bada Meena
B) Valmiki
C) A Gond Raja
D) Bharmal
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 1.1%
B) 8.6%
C) 26.2%
D) 90%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Scheduled Tribes
B) Animist groups
C) Ethnic minority
D) Nomadic tribes
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Indo-Aryan
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Dravidian
D) Munda
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Bhils
B) Gonds
C) Hos
D) Santals
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Sarnaist
B) Dravidian
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Tibeto-Burman
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Christianity
B) Hinduism
C) Buddhism
D) Sarnaism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Christianity
B) Hinduism
C) Buddhism
D) Animism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Rice farming
B) Tea workers
C) Nomadic herding
D) Mining
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Roughly 75%
B) Around 10%
C) More than 90%
D) Around 20%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Santals
B) Gonds
C) Khasi
D) Boyas/Valmikis
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Tripuri
B) Khasi
C) Chakma
D) Marma
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Ancient ruler
B) Forest dweller
C) Beginning inhabitant
D) Mountain people
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Janjati
B) Dalit
C) Vanavāsi
D) Dravidian
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Sri Lanka
B) Pakistan
C) Nepal
D) Bangladesh
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Thakkar Bapa
B) Gandhi
C) Ambedkar
D) Jaipal Singh Munda
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 107
B) Article 169
C) Article 366 (25)
D) Article 342
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Tea-tribes
B) Indo-Aryans
C) Vedda
D) Dravidians
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
B) ILO Convention 169
C) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
D) ILO Convention 107
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) North East India
B) Jharkhand
C) West Bengal
D) Kerala
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Austroasiatic
B) Latin
C) Arabic
D) Greek
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) Adivasi elders
B) Foreign investors only
C) British military generals
D) Zamindars
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1947
B) 1857
C) 1832
D) 1789
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Santal hul
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) The Great Kol Uprising
D) Munda independence war
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Mass migration to the Americas
B) Permanent migration to Europe
C) Internal migrations within India
D) Return migration to their ancestral lands
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The East India Company
B) The local tribal rajas
C) The British government
D) The Indian National Congress
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Negatively
B) Positively
C) Indifferently
D) Enthusiastically
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Tribal animist
B) Forest tribe
C) Hill and forest tribe
D) Primitive tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Animist
B) Forest tribe
C) Tribes
D) Primitive tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Odisha
B) Jharkhand
C) Lakshadweep
D) Madhya Pradesh
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Persian
B) Greek
C) Latin
D) Sanskrit
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Worship of Indo-European deities
B) Reincarnation of the soul
C) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
D) Monistic Vedic worship
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1911
B) 1931
C) 1941
D) 1921
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A formal name for a religion
B) A synonym for Hinduism
C) An anthropological construct
D) A word used by indigenous people
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) Post-independence
B) British period
C) 19th century
D) 14th century
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Spirit worship
B) Sacred grove
C) Sun-Moon
D) Holy woods
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Nicobar Islands
C) Nilgiri hills
D) Central-East India
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Oral traditions
B) Written scriptures
C) Digital archives
D) Formal schooling
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sacred grove
B) Holy animal
C) Sun deity
D) Witch doctor
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Nicobar Islands
C) Central-East India
D) Arunachal Pradesh
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Sunflower
B) Cactus
C) Tulsi
D) Rose
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Lion
B) Cobra
C) Tiger
D) Eagle
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Maple
B) Neem
C) Oak
D) Pine
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Sedentary farmers
B) Nomadic traders
C) Hunter gatherer
D) Urban dwellers
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Brahma Dharma
B) Vedic Ritualism
C) The Kallar Reform Movement
D) Shaivism
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
C) Sant Kubera
D) Maharshi Matanga
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Dried lotus flowers
B) Half-eaten ber fruit
C) Swine flesh
D) Water from a stream
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Bodo
B) Kallar
C) Nishadha
D) Santal
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Kubera
B) Maharshi Matanga
C) Guru Brahma
D) Sant Dhira
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
B) Brahma Dharma Temple
C) Indraprastha Temple
D) Lingaraja Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Fisherman
B) Hunter
C) Kallar (robber)
D) Temple priest
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 100,000
B) 10,000
C) 5,000
D) 20,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Dhudhalinath
B) Sant Kubera
C) Sant Kalu Dev
D) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Technologically superior
B) Equally civilised
C) More civilised
D) Less civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Commercial trade agreements
B) Matrimonial relations
C) Constant warfare
D) Joint military alliances
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 632
B) 14
C) 3
D) 51
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 632
B) 1000
C) 750
D) 500
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 8.5%
B) 29.6%
C) 59%
D) 40%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Tejgadh, Gujarat
B) Kohima, Nagaland
C) Asansol, West Bengal
D) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 2011
B) 1961
C) 1999
D) 1991
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Gonds
B) Mizos
C) Khasis
D) Nagas
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Very high
B) Very low
C) Moderate
D) Non-existent
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 40.6%
B) 37%
C) 13.8%
D) 59%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Forest Protection Drive
B) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
C) Salwa Judum
D) Green Revolution
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By bribing local officials
B) By signing government contracts
C) By filing land ownership petitions
D) By negotiating with tribal elders
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Local merchant guilds
B) Missionaries
C) Foreign corporations
D) Government bureaucrats
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Sanskrit
B) English
C) Assamese
D) Hindi
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
C) Manmohan Singh
D) Indira Gandhi
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
B) The Red Corridor
C) The Thar Desert
D) The Western Ghats
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Meiteis
B) Gujjar
C) Meena
D) Bodo
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